Like email, you choose your server and whether it\u2019s GMail, Outlook, iCloud, wherever you sign up you know you\u2019ll be able to email everyone you need to so long as you know their address.<\/p>\n
The word \u201cinstance\u201d is often used on Mastodon as a synonym of server.<\/p>\n
This means there\u2019s no big uncaring company running it all, no shareholders, no central control, none of the targeted advertising we\u2019re all fed up with, just a bunch of people sharing the things they want to share with each other.<\/p>\n
(from https:\/\/blog.joinmastodon.org\/2018\/08\/mastodon-quick-start-guide\/<\/a>)<\/p>\n This Guide will create a Mastodon instance on an Ubuntu 16.04 Server managed by Plesk Onyx.<\/p>\n If your Server is running an other linux distribution managed by Plesk, you can also use this guide for setting up your own instance.<\/p>\n I will use a subdomain in this example, but you can use what ever you want.<\/p>\n These steps you have to do as root on your Plesk-Server.<\/p>\n Always check the latest release of docker-compose on Github<\/a> before you run the commands. Clone the Mastodon Repository into local directory<\/p>\n 1. Because the future version of Plesk (Obsidian) will have the option to install Grafana as an extension (for Advanced Monitoring) and Grafana uses the port 3000, we are avoiding a port conflict in this guide. That’s why we do not publish the port 3000 and 4000 and we customize in 2. We will use the prebuilded Images of Mastodon, so we comment build step in 3. We will define the the tag for the prebuild Image (actually v2.9.2 -> Check latest Version here<\/a>)<\/p>\n So open and edit the port-entries, comment the build step and define the tag for Images:<\/p>\n Mastodon uses the file copy, paste and change all domain-entries to the one you use:<\/p>\n Close file and create the secrets:<\/p>\n 1. SECRET_KEY_BASE:<\/p>\n 2. OTP_SECRET:<\/p>\n 3. vapid keys<\/p>\n Copy the output from the previous command, open It should look like this: The Mastodon-User in docker will use the UID 991, so we have to change the owner of the directory With the following command, the database will initialized:<\/p>\n Pre-compiling is not nessesary because we use prebuilded images of Mastodon, but you can check the pre-compile with:<\/p>\n Output: We use docker-compose to bring up the Instance:<\/p>\n Check with docker ps if containers are running and healthy:<\/p>\n Now we will create the Admin of the Instance:<\/p>\n The password is displayed as output on the console, copy this for later use.<\/p>\n If you do not have Plesk as Admin-Panel, you can follow the Mastodon Production Guide<\/a> to point nginx to your instance.<\/p>\n If you have Plesk then go ahead.<\/p>\n For these Steps you have to use the Plesk Administration Panel.<\/p>\n If you want to use an empty domain, you can skip this step. Otherwise create a subdomain in Plesk and secure it with LetsEncrypt:<\/p>\n Press Check if php-handler is disabled in Then use the Disable It is very important to press So, apply and then add this content (adjust ports, if you use other then 3005\/4005):<\/p>\n And press OK to accept the settings.<\/p>\n Point to your domain\/subdomain with a browser of your choice and login to your instance with admin-user and password copied before.<\/p>\n If you liked the guide, then share it or support me.<\/p>\n If you want to try Mastodon without setting up an instance, just register to one of my two instances. You can always move your account to another server.<\/p>\n If you want to run your own fully managed Instance hosted in Germany with 100% green Energy, look here<\/a><\/p>\n My running Mastodon Instances<\/p>\n MastodonTech.de<\/a><\/p>\n dresden.network<\/a><\/p>\n Support me:<\/p>\n PayPal-Me<\/a><\/p>\n Thx and feel free to contact me \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n ———–<\/p>\n Sources: More information about Mastodon:<\/p>\nWhat is this Guide?<\/h3>\n
Requirements:<\/h4>\n
\n
<\/h4>\n
Use the commandline<\/h4>\n
Install docker-compose<\/h5>\n
\nIf you did not install docker-compose<\/code> yet, then you can do this with the following commands:<\/p>\ncurl -L https:\/\/github.com\/docker\/compose\/releases\/download\/1.24.1\/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` -o \/usr\/local\/bin\/docker-compose\r\nchmod +x \/usr\/local\/bin\/docker-compose<\/pre>\n
Download Mastodon<\/h5>\n
cd ~\/\r\ngit clone https:\/\/github.com\/tootsuite\/mastodon\r\ncd mastodon<\/pre>\n
Change exposed ports<\/h5>\n
docker-compose.yml<\/code>. I use the ports 3005<\/code> and 4005<\/code>.<\/p>\ndocker-compose.yml<\/code>.<\/p>\ndocker-compose.yml<\/code> in a Text-Editor:<\/p>\nnano docker-compose.yml<\/pre>\n
web:\r\n# build: .\r\n image: tootsuite\/mastodon\r\n restart: always\r\n env_file: .env.production\r\n command: bash -c \"rm -f \/mastodon\/tmp\/pids\/server.pid; bundle exec rails s -p 3000\"\r\n networks:\r\n - external_network\r\n - internal_network\r\n healthcheck:\r\n test: [\"CMD-SHELL\", \"wget -q --spider --header 'x-forwarded-proto: https' --proxy=off localhost:3000\/api\/v1\/instance || exit 1\"]\r\n ports:\r\n - \"127.0.0.1:3005:3000\"\r\n depends_on:\r\n - db\r\n - redis\r\n# - es\r\n volumes:\r\n - .\/public\/system:\/mastodon\/public\/system\r\n\r\n streaming:\r\n# build: .\r\n image: tootsuite\/mastodon\r\n restart: always\r\n env_file: .env.production\r\n command: node .\/streaming\r\n networks:\r\n - external_network\r\n - internal_network\r\n healthcheck:\r\n test: [\"CMD-SHELL\", \"wget -q --spider --header 'x-forwarded-proto: https' --proxy=off localhost:4000\/api\/v1\/streaming\/health || exit 1\"]\r\n ports:\r\n - \"127.0.0.1:4005:4000\"\r\n depends_on:\r\n - db\r\n - redis\r\n\r\n sidekiq:\r\n# build: .\r\n image: tootsuite\/mastodon\r\n restart: always\r\n env_file: .env.production\r\n command: bundle exec sidekiq\r\n depends_on:\r\n - db\r\n - redis\r\n networks:\r\n - external_network\r\n - internal_network\r\n volumes:\r\n - .\/public\/system:\/mastodon\/public\/system<\/pre>\n
<\/h5>\n
Create configuration file<\/h5>\n
.env.production<\/code> for configuration. The file exists as .env.production.sample<\/code>, but we create a new one:<\/p>\nnano .env.production<\/pre>\n
LOCAL_DOMAIN=social.your-domain.tld<\/strong>\r\nSINGLE_USER_MODE=false\r\nSECRET_KEY_BASE=\r\nOTP_SECRET=\r\n\r\n# Database settings\r\nDB_HOST=db\r\nDB_PORT=5432\r\nDB_NAME=postgres\r\nDB_USER=postgres\r\nDB_PASS=\r\n\r\n# Redis settings\r\nREDIS_HOST=redis\r\nREDIS_PORT=6379\r\nREDIS_PASSWORD=\r\n\r\n# Mail settings - \r\nSMTP_SERVER=your_mail_server<\/strong>\r\nSMTP_PORT=587\r\nSMTP_LOGIN=notifications@your-domain.tld<\/strong>\r\nSMTP_PASSWORD=your_smtp_password<\/strong>\r\nSMTP_AUTH_METHOD=plain\r\nSMTP_OPENSSL_VERIFY_MODE=none\r\nSMTP_FROM_ADDRESS=Mastodon <notifications@your-domain.tld><\/strong><\/pre>\n
sed -i \"s\/SECRET_KEY_BASE=$\/&$(docker-compose run --rm web bundle exec rake secret)\/\" .env.production<\/pre>\n
sed -i \"s\/OTP_SECRET=$\/&$(docker-compose run --rm web bundle exec rake secret)\/\" .env.production<\/pre>\n
docker-compose run --rm web bundle exec rake mastodon:webpush:generate_vapid_key<\/pre>\n
.env.production<\/code> in a text editor, and paste the command output in the lines after OTP_SECRET<\/code>.<\/p>\n
\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/markus-blog.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Mastodon-05-Secrets-e1565033278190.png\")
<\/p>\nChange owner of Mastodon-Content:<\/h5>\n
public<\/code> to this:<\/p>\nsudo chown -R 991:991 public<\/pre>\n
<\/h4>\n
Setup the database:<\/h5>\n
docker-compose run --rm web bundle exec rake db:migrate<\/pre>\n
<\/h4>\n
Pre-compile assets<\/h5>\n
docker-compose run --rm web bundle exec rake assets:precompile<\/pre>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/markus-blog.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Mastodon-06-pre-compile.png\")
<\/p>\n<\/h4>\n
Start Mastodon-Instance<\/h5>\n
docker-compose up -d<\/pre>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/markus-blog.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Mastodon-07-docker-ps-e1565033388837.png\")
<\/p>\nCreate Admin:<\/h5>\n
docker-compose run --rm web tootctl accounts create your-username --email your-email-address --confirmed --role admin<\/pre>\n
<\/h4>\n
Use Plesk<\/h4>\n
Create Subdomain<\/h5>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/markus-blog.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Mastodon-01-Add-a-Subdomain.png\")
<\/p>\nOK<\/code><\/p>\nCheck Hosting Settings<\/h5>\n
Hosting Settings<\/code>:<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/markus-blog.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Mastodon-02-Hosting-Settings-e1565033693705.png\")
<\/p>\nDelete Webspace-Content<\/h5>\n
File Manager<\/code> to delete the following Content of your Webspace:<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/markus-blog.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Mastodon-03-File-Manager.png\")
<\/p>\nApache & nginx Setting<\/h5>\n
Proxy Mode<\/code> in Apache & nginx Settings<\/code> of your domain:<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/markus-blog.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Mastodon-04-Apache-nginx-Settings.png\")
<\/p>\nApply<\/code> before you add the following content into Additional nginx directives<\/code>. If you do not apply you will get an error of duplicate entry for location \/<\/code> and nginx will not start.<\/p>\nssl_protocols TLSv1.2;\r\nssl_ciphers HIGH:!MEDIUM:!LOW:!aNULL:!NULL:!SHA;\r\nssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;\r\nssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;\r\n\r\nkeepalive_timeout 70;\r\nsendfile on;\r\n\r\ngzip on;\r\ngzip_disable \"msie6\";\r\ngzip_vary on;\r\ngzip_proxied any;\r\ngzip_comp_level 6;\r\ngzip_buffers 16 8k;\r\ngzip_http_version 1.1;\r\ngzip_types text\/plain text\/css application\/json application\/javascript text\/xml application\/xml application\/xml+rss text\/javascript;\r\n\r\nadd_header Strict-Transport-Security \"max-age=31536000\";\r\n\r\nlocation \/ {\r\n\ttry_files $uri @proxy;\r\n}\r\n\r\nlocation ~ ^\/(emoji|packs) {\r\n\tadd_header Cache-Control \"public, max-age=31536000, immutable\";\r\n\ttry_files $uri @proxy;\r\n}\r\n\r\nlocation \/sw.js {\r\n\tadd_header Cache-Control \"public, max-age=0\";\r\n\ttry_files $uri @proxy;\r\n}\r\n\r\nlocation @proxy {\r\n\tproxy_set_header Host $host;\r\n\tproxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;\r\n\tproxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;\r\n\tproxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;\r\n\tproxy_set_header Proxy \"\";\r\n\tproxy_pass_header Server;\r\n\r\n\tproxy_pass http:\/\/127.0.0.1:3005;\r\n\tproxy_buffering off;\r\n\tproxy_redirect off;\r\n\tproxy_http_version 1.1;\r\n\tproxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;\r\n\tproxy_set_header Connection \"upgrade\";\r\n\ttcp_nodelay on;\r\n}\r\n\r\nlocation \/api\/v1\/streaming {\r\n\tproxy_set_header Host $host;\r\n\tproxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;\r\n\tproxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;\r\n\tproxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;\r\n\tproxy_set_header Proxy \"\";\r\n\r\n\tproxy_pass http:\/\/127.0.0.1:4005;\r\n\tproxy_buffering off;\r\n\tproxy_redirect off;\r\n\tproxy_http_version 1.1;\r\n\tproxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;\r\n\tproxy_set_header Connection \"upgrade\";\r\n\r\n\ttcp_nodelay on;\r\n}\r\n\r\nerror_page 500 501 502 503 504 \/500.html;<\/pre>\nLogin as Admin<\/h5>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/markus-blog.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Mastodon-10-Login.png\")
<\/p>\n
\nhttps:\/\/docs.joinmastodon.org<\/a><\/p>\n