Nextcloud 21 (NextcloudHub) was released and we want to install it on a new clean VPS
If you want to know what has changed, read the ChangeLog
If you are ready, then let us begin
Requirements:
– a VPS with Ubuntu 20.04 LTS minimal Image installed (you can get one here @netcup with 5€ Discount or start at Hetzner Cloud with 20€ start credits)
– shell access and appropriate rights
– One DNS A and possibly AAAA record for our Apache vhost
Step 1: Install Firewall
First of all, you should install a firewall to secure your VPS (if not installed) and allow incoming traffic to port 80/443 and 22 (ssh) only. For Securing ssh-access you can use fail2ban and passwordless authentication. Many guides for this are out there.
apt install ufw -y ufw allow http ufw allow https ufw allow ssh ufw enable
Accept with „y“
Step 2: Install postgreSQL 13
First, we have to add the official postgreSQL-Repository
echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ `lsb_release -cs`-pgdg main" |sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list wget --quiet -O - https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc | apt-key add - apt update
After this we can install the postgreSQL as Database-Server:
apt install -y postgresql-13 postgresql-client-13
Now you can connect to postgreSQL with:
root@db01:/# sudo -u postgres psql psql (13.2 (Ubuntu 13.2-1.pgdg20.04+1)) Type "help" for help. postgres=#
you can get information about connection with:
postgres=# \conninfo You are connected to database "postgres" as user "postgres" via socket in "/var/run/postgresql" at port "5432".
and end session with:
postgres-# \q
Step 3: Install Apache2
With the following command we will install the Apache-Webserver:
apt install -y apache2 apache2-utils
Step 4: Install php8.0-fpm an recommended moduls
the php8.0 packages are not in offical repository of Ubuntu 20, so you have to add ondrej’s ppa:
echo "deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) main" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/php.list
and add the key:
apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver hkps://keyserver.ubuntu.com:443 4F4EA0AAE5267A6C
Now you can install php8.0 and moduls with the following command:
apt update && apt install -y php8.0-cli php8.0-common php8.0-mbstring php8.0-gd php8.0-imagick php8.0-intl php8.0-bz2 php8.0-xml php8.0-pgsql php8.0-zip php8.0-dev php8.0-curl php8.0-fpm redis-server php8.0-redis php8.0-smbclient php8.0-ldap php8.0-bcmath php8.0-gmp libmagickcore-6.q16-6-extra
Step 5: Configure Apache2 and php8.0-fpm
Now we enable the needed modules in Apache2 with:
a2enmod proxy_fcgi setenvif mpm_event rewrite headers env dir mime ssl http2
and after that we activate php8.0-fpm:
a2enconf php8.0-fpm
now we have edit the apache2.conf to allow the usage of .htaccess-files:
nano /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
and change the following code:
<Directory /var/www/>
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
Require all granted
</Directory>
to:
<Directory /var/www/>
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
Require all granted
</Directory>
To enable HTTP/2, we need to add this line to apache2.conf:
Protocols h2 h2c http/1.1
now we have to prepare the php.ini for nextcloud:
nano /etc/php/8.0/fpm/php.ini
extend with the following directives:
opcache.enable=1 opcache.enable_cli=1 opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8 opcache.max_accelerated_files=10000 opcache.memory_consumption=128 opcache.save_comments=1 opcache.revalidate_freq=1
and adjust the following Lines:
max_execution_time = 300 max_input_time = 600 memory_limit = 512M upload_max_filesize = 10240M
Afterwards, the web server and php8.0-fpm must be restarted:
systemctl restart apache2 php8.0-fpm
Step 6: Install Certbot and other tools
To request a ssl-sert from LetsEncrypt we use Certbot and the apache-plugin:
apt install -y python3-certbot-apache certbot wget curl sudo unzip
Step 7: Create Database
Before we can install Nextcloud, we first have to create a database in postgreSQL. To do this, we execute the following commands:
sudo -u postgres psql
then execute:
CREATE USER nextcloud WITH PASSWORD 'your-password'; CREATE DATABASE nextclouddb TEMPLATE template0 ENCODING 'UNICODE'; ALTER DATABASE nextclouddb OWNER TO nextcloud; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE nextclouddb TO nextcloud; \q
Step 8: Download Nextcloud and create filesystem
Now it’s time to download the latest Release of Nextcloud 21 from nextcloud:
wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/latest-21.zip
and unzip the downloaded archive:
unzip latest-21.zip
Afterwards we move the folder nextcloud to the right place.
we move the entire folder into the path /var/www/html/
mv nextcloud /var/www/html/ chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/nextcloud
You can delete the downloaded archive now:
sudo rm latest-21.zip
For our nextcloud-files we prepare a directory outside of /var/www/html/nextcloud:
mkdir /nextcloud_data
and change the owner to www-data:
chown -R www-data:www-data /nextcloud_data
The document-root for Apache is now /var/www/html/nextcloud
Step 9: Create Apache2 vHost and secure with SSL
To create an Apache vhost, we simply create a new .conf in /etc/apache2/sites-available/:
nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/001-nextcloud.conf
add the following content and adjust your names:
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName nextcloud.your-domain.tld
ServerAdmin webmaster@your-domain.tld
DocumentRoot /var/www/html/nextcloud
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>
then we activate this site and disable the default vHost:
a2ensite 001-nextcloud.conf a2dissite 000-default.conf systemctl reload apache2
Since we want to reach the site of course via https, we create a LetEncrypt certificate. The easiest way to do this is with Certbot, which we already installed above:
certbot --apache --rsa-key-size 4096
In the last query, we confirm with „2“ that a redirect should occur.
Certbot then creates a second vhost configuration file, which we then process again:
nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/001-nextcloud-le-ssl.conf
we add the following block under DocumentRoot-directive:
<IfModule mod_headers.c> Header always set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; preload" Header always set Referrer-Policy "strict-origin-when-cross-origin" # Prevent MIME based attacks Header always set X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" Header always set X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" </IfModule> # SSL Configuration - uses strong cipher list - these might need to be downgraded if you need to support older browsers/devices SSLEngine on SSLCipherSuite EECDH+AESGCM:EDH+AESGCM:AES256+EECDH:AES256+EDH SSLProtocol All -SSLv2 -SSLv3 -TLSv1 -TLSv1.1 SSLHonorCipherOrder On <Directory /var/www/html/nextcloud/> Require all granted AllowOverride All Options FollowSymLinks MultiViews <IfModule mod_dav.c> Dav off </IfModule> SetEnv HOME /var/www/html/nextcloud SetEnv HTTP_HOME /var/www/html/nextcloud Satisfy Any </Directory>
then we have to reload the webserver again:
systemctl reload apache2
Step 10: Configure Nextcloud
For final configuration, we call our domain in the browser:
and enter the corresponding data, as DB host we enter localhost and the data directory is /nextcloud_data.
You have to finish the Installation with the Button at the botton.
Now wait some time until all Apps have been installed
When finished, let’s take Nextcloud’s config.php to configure the recommended memory cache and setting default phone region:
nano /var/www/html/nextcloud/config/config.php
add the following code:
'memcache.local' => '\OC\\Memcache\\Redis', 'memcache.locking' => '\\OC\\Memcache\\Redis', 'redis' => array( 'host' => 'localhost', 'port' => 6379, ), 'default_phone_region' => 'DE',
It looks like this:
In the basic settings, we customize the background tasks and use cron:
and configure the user’s cron job accordingly www-data(adjust path and/or user if you use another one):
sudo crontab -u www-data -e
add the following line at the end:
*/5 * * * * php8.0 -f /var/www/html/nextcloud/cron.php
Restart Apache2 and php-fpm:
systemctl restart apache2 && sudo systemctl restart php8.0-fpm
then refresh your browser and Check the Security and Setup Warnings in Settings Overview.
Do not forget to configure your mail-settings
Now we have a freshly installed NextcloudHub and can enjoy… Remember: If you find issues within the Nextcloud, then report here on GitHub.
Problems with the tutorial? Then comment below or contact me per Mail or Mastodon.
If you want a managed nextcloud, then look here.
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Happy nextclouding and do not forget to share 🙂
Beitragsbild mit freundlicher Genehmigung von Marcus Günther.